Metabolic alterations related to T2D are well characterised by epidemiological and research based scientific studies. The pathogenesis and development of T2D is ascribed to four mechanisms; greater advanced glycation end product or service (AGE) formation, increased polyol pathway flux, activation of protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and improved hexosamine pathway https://www.directivepublications.org/journal-of-diabetology-research/